Радиоэлектроника

Scientists working in this laboratory, developed the main directions of radio engineering, which after some time turned into independent sections of radio electronics.On July 4, 1943, the State Defense Committee decided to establish a Radar Council. The tasks of the Council were: preparing drafts of military technical tasks on weapons systems using radar tools, developing and improving the radar industry and equipment, etc. The Radar Council included Malenkov, Gorokhov, Uger, Arkhipov, etc. Such attention to radar issues laid the beginning of the active development and enhancement of the combat capability of the army, the rout of the enemy, as well as the emergence of the country's radio-electronic industry.From the middle of the 20th century electronics begins to spread widely in all branches of science, technology, national economy, etc.Electronics as a complex of sciences has always been associated with radio physics, radio navigation, radio spectroscopy, radiolocation, radio meteorology, radio astronomy, radio remote control, etc.Such scientists as A.I. Berg, S.A. Lebedev, A.L. Mints, Yu.N.Mazhorov, G.V. Kisunko, etc. made an invaluable contribution to the development of domestic radio electronics.From 1960-1970-ies. Attention is paid to the modernization of vacuum devices, increasing their reliability, durability and strength. Finger and ultraminiature electronic tubes were created, reducing the size of the installations in which there were a large number of lamps.Complex electronic systems make up to several tens of thousands of passive and active components. The tasks of radio electronics are to reduce their size, weight, cost, and power consumption. In addition, the designers of electronic systems strive to improve the parameters and characteristics of installations and improve the reliability of systems.Currently, the radio-electronic complex is managed by the Russian Agency for Management Systems. One should define the term “Radio engineering” which is the science that studies electromagnetic waves and radio waves, methods of generation, amplification, conversion, radiation and reception, as well as their use for information transmission, part of electrical engineering, including radio transmission and radio reception, signal processing, design and manufacture of radio equipment.Radio engineering includes the following sections:Radio transmitting devicesRadio receiversRadarRadio navigationA televisionMultimedia and communication systemsRadio control systemsElectronic warfare systemsIn 1832, English physicist Michael Faraday theoretically predicted the existence of electromagnetic radiation.In 1864, J. K. Maxwell published the first of the basic equations of classical electrodynamics, describing the evolution of an electromagnetic field and its interaction with charges and currents.In 1888, the possibility of transmitting energy through electromagnetic waves was demonstrated in his experience by the German physicist G. Hertz: a device that he called a “vibrator” emitted an electromagnetic field a distance and without wires.On August 14, 1894, at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Oxford University, Oliver Lodge and Alexander Muirhead made the first successful demonstration of radio telegraphy. During the demonstration, the Morse code radio signal was sent from the laboratory in the neighboring Clarendon building and received by the device at a distance of 40 m.On April 25 (May 7), 1895, at the meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society in St. Petersburg, A. S. Popov demonstrated an apparatus for receiving a sequence of telegraph signals (short and long) using electromagnetic waves.In 1897, the Italian engineer G. Marconi received the first (British) patent and conducted experiments on wireless wiring in London. The granting of patents in other countries G. Marconi was denied due to the presence of a previously published article by A. S. Popov, where the same coherent receiver was described.Russian and Soviet scientists who have advanced radio engineering to a new level:Professors M. A. Bonch-Bruevich, B. L. Rosing (the invention of electronic television);Academician A.I. Berg (radiolocation);Academician A.F. Bogomolov (radar, distant space communication);Academician V. A. Kotelnikov (noise immunity theory).Radio engineering has found application in various fields of science, such as physics, astronomy, medicine, and chemistry. Radio engineering methods are used in data transmission systems, radio communications, radio broadcasting, television, radiolocation, radio navigation, radio control, automation systems and computer equipment.