Regional conflicts (poststructuralism)

We have developed a typology of EU impact on regional integration and established a link between these types of impact and conflict transformation. The factors influencing a successful regional integration strategy on transforming conflicts include four broad categories: comprehensiveness, or vertical/horizontal coherence and consistency among EU or member state policies; responsiveness, meaning the compatibility of the idea of integration with local actors’ identities, and their perception of the EU as a “model”; capabilities, which are depend on the link between internal resources and external reputation; and effective multilateralism, through which other international actors are involved – in the form of multilateral negotiations - or support the strategy of regional integration process as a way to transform conflict. Finally, we 18 have come up with a model of four pathways tracing the different channels of EU influence on local actors. These channels include conditions and incentives, dialogue and interaction, the provision of formal and informal rules and model setting, which are employed by the EU, and which lead to either targeted conflict transformation measures or more general CR effects resulting from the regional integration process as such. Conclusion:Regional conflicts are a reflection of the larger ones, occurring on the bigger scales. Since any kind of deprivation or inequality that was legitimate before but now are not, intensify feelings of humiliation of human rights ideals. So, it is important to realize that these heightened feelings of humiliation have profound effects on people. A regional conflict (war) is an armed confrontation between states, covering a certain region (part of a continent), involving all or most of the states within its borders, with the indirect participation (usually in the form of assistance) of other powers. Such a war can be of a coalition nature, be distinguished by great tension, a variety of means and methods of armed struggle. Along with modern means of destruction, in the course of it, as a rule, relatively simple types of weapons are used, both regular and irregular armed forces operate on both sides. The particular danger of modern regional conflicts is associated with the increasing availability of the latest types of weapons of mass destruction. The main reasons for regional conflicts are: 1) mismatch of administrative and political borders with ethnic ones; 2) territorial claims; 3) religious reasons.Thus, the analysis of the consequences of regional conflicts made it possible to single out several groups of them: economic, political, geopolitical, social, socio-psychological and demographic. The nature and scale of these consequences actualizes the task of preventing regional conflicts or giving them a moderately constructive form of course. Regional conflicts tend to result in a ruined economy, hunger and poverty. The political consequences of local conflicts are no less impressive than the economic ones. In addition to the political consequences of regional conflicts, it is worth highlighting the geopolitical ones close to them. They are expressed in a change in the balance of forces in the international arena, in the nature of interstate relations. The social consequences of regional conflicts are expressed primarily in the deterioration of the social situation of the population. Another social consequence is the criminalization of public life. Armed violence has become a livelihood and a way of life for many Africans. One of the reasons complicating the settlement of conflicts is the psychological factor: a specific stereotype of the way of life has formed in African society, in which participation in armed actions, all kinds of wars and conflicts is the only means of subsistence for the population of the conflicting parties. Violence becomes an organic part of being. The group of demographic consequences is manifested in two ways: in human losses and forced migration of the population. We do not have summary data on human losses due to regional conflicts, but data for individual regions indicate the scale of these losses. The inevitable and dramatic consequence of regional conflicts is the forced migration of the population, the catastrophic growth of refugees. The reasons for the massive outflow of the population over time become more diverse: armed conflicts, natural and environmental disasters, poverty. As a result, many of today's refugees do not meet refugee status as defined in the relevant Convention. Those are considered to be persons forced to leave their homes but remaining on the territory of their country. Therefore, they are not included in the existing refugee protection system. Most of the internally displaced persons are from developing countries. In some countries, the number of internally displaced persons exceeds 10% of the total population.As for the influence of regional conflicts on international cooperation, it boils down to breaking ties between the conflicting parties and developing relations with highly developed assistant powers and international organizations, which subsequently establish their influence in the conflict region.There are a lot of examples of regional conflicts in the world. Asia from the second half of the twentieth century. characterized by numerous conflicts for political and economic reasons. Armed conflicts occupy a special place in the region. The main countries where they occur are Israel, Yemen, Syria, Iran, Iraq, the countries of the Persian Gulf, etc. In Asia, conflicts occur on the basis of separatism (eg, Kurdistan, Kashmir).Africa in recent decades has become the most conflict-prone region in the world. Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Nigeria, Ethiopia and other countries have been the region's sore spots for many years. Most of the conflicts occur for ethnic and religious reasons, on the basis of separatism and are resolved by armed means.Conflicts in America have been most influenced by ethno-confessional and socioeconomic factors, sometimes by separatism. Examples are Quebec in Canada, Chiapas in Mexico, etc. Despite a small number of local conflicts, disputed territories and borders remain in America.For example, Colombia and Venezuela have a long-standing dispute over the division of territorial waters in the Venezuelan Gulf. In general, compared to other regions, conflicts in America are relatively settled.In Russia, conflicts between regions regarding border restructuring were not uncommon back in the 90s. Thus, the governor of Primorsky Krai at various times made border claims against neighboring regions - Khabarovsk Krai and Sakhalin Oblast, and even China. However, there were cases when border disputes were resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties. For example, from the transfer of part of the Ivanovo region to Nizhny Novgorod, both regions benefitedThe conflict on the territory of Ukraine is much more painful and lasting. The Ukrainian crisis began in November 2013, when a months-long protest rally in the center of Kiev began in response to the government's suspension of preparations for signing an association agreement with the European Union, which was later named "Euromaidan," led by Azarov. Later, after the dispersal of the tent camp of the opposition and the adoption of a number of laws by the Verkhovna Rada on toughening the punishment for riots in January 2014, the actions grew into an anti-presidential and anti-government character. The result of all this was the change of state power in February 2014. On February 22, early presidential elections were scheduled for May 25, and on February 23, a new speaker of the Verkhovna Rada, Alexander Turchinov, was appointed. Social injustice, low living standards and rampant corruption were cited as the main reasons for the radical changes. But already in March, in the southeast of the country, mass protests began against the new government. In Crimea, this ended in separation from Ukraine and annexation to Russia, and in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, months of armed conflict. According to repeated statements by the Council of Europe, NATO, the United States, the European Union and Ukraine, the regular troops of the Russian Federation are taking an active part in hostilities. However, the Russian leadership rejects reports of any interference, claiming that Russia is not a party to the conflict.On October 14, 2014, the day considered to be the day of the creation of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Poroshenko's decree proclaimed the Day of the Defender of Ukraine. The holiday on February 23 "Defender of the Fatherland Day", which was celebrated on the Day of the Red Army, was canceled.References:[1]Sousa, R. R. P. (2018). The context of conflict resolution: international relations and the study of peace and conflict.[2] Lindner, E. G. (2002). Humiliation or dignity: regional conflicts in the global village. Expediente, 146.[3] Miller, B., & Kagan, K. 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