Лингвостилистический анализ на английском языке 10 художественных текстов (short story)

He lived his spiritual life without any communion with others, visiting his relatives at Christmas and escorting them to the cemetery when they died; He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken).His character is static and simple (flat) and constructed round his loneliness.The antagonist – Mrs Emily Sinico – is characterizedindirectly through description of the outward appearance (Her face, which must have been handsome, had remained intelligent. It was an oval face with strongly marked features. The eyes were very dark blue and steady); through action (He thought that in her eyes he would ascend to an angelical stature; and, as he attached the fervent nature of his companion more and more closely to him; MrsSinico caught up his hand passionately and pressed it to her cheek), through action (He took the remark as an invitation to talk, She listened to all, she became his confessor, Her companionship was like a warm soil about an exotic).Her character is dynamic and complex (round) and reveals various sides of the heroines’s personality: at first, liveliness, liking for James; then, she began to be rather intemperate in her habits and so depressed that she committed suicide.There are symbols in the text – ordersymbolizes the hero’s routine(The books on the white wooden shelves were arranged from below upwards according to bulk,Mr Duffy abhorred anything which betokened physical or mental disorder), black, white, brown colours symbolize the absence of bright moments in his life (sombre house, a black iron bedstead, shelves of white wood, a black and scarlet rug, a white-shaded lamp, black hair, the brown tint of Dublin streets, a stout hazel).The author doesn’t give his own analysis of the hero’s actions. He tells the reader about his thoughts. Thus, the author is partially omniscient.The expressive means and stylistic devices used in the story are the following:- the lexical stylistic devices: outcast from life’s feast, He lived at a little distance from his body, regarding his own acts with doubtful side-glasses, gallery of pleasures(metaphors);- the syntactical stylistic devices: a black iron bedstead… shelves of white wood. The bed was clothed with white bedclothes and a black and scarlet rug… a white-shaded lamp stood as the sole ornament of the mantelpiece(repetition of colours shows the absence of brightness and joy), He had neither companions nor friends, church nor creed(double negationis used to show the hero’s solitude).To my mind, the text is depressing and cheerless because it shows that the loneliness that some people live in sometimes becomes too enveloping that doesn’t let any light or natural human emotions in: He could not feel her near him in the darkness nor her voice touch his ear. He waited for some minutes listening. He could hear nothing: the night was perfectly silent. He listened again: perfectly silent. He felt that he was alone.The Old Man at the Bridgeby Ernest Hemingway“The Old Man at the Bridge” is a short story by Ernest Hemingway. According to the definition of the idea that it is the general concept of the text, assertion or denial of certain principles, it is to show that people should not give up and forget their composure in order to remain human under any circumstances (I was taking care of animals).The theme of thestory which is the subject described and the main area of interest treated in the story is the impact of the war on innocent citizens.The message of the story which is the most important idea that the author expresses in the process of developing the theme is that life in your hands (If you can make it, there are trucks up the road where it forks for Tortosa … -Thank you,” he said and got to his feet, swayed from side to side and then sat down backwards in the dust). The theme of the story implies the problemswhich the writer raises –struggle during difficult times, loneliness, change, proud and paralysis. The story has a straight linenarrativepresentationwith the events in chronological order.The conflict is a collision through which the problem and the idea of the literary text become apparent. In the story there is an internal conflict – “man against nature” – involves a conflict between the old man and nature. Setting includes both the place and time of the actions of a story. The setting is established at the beginning – in the exposition: An old man with steel rimmed spectacles and very dusty clothes sat by the side of the road. There was a pontoon bridge across the river and carts, trucks, and men, women and children were crossing it… It was my business to cross the bridge, explore the bridgehead beyond and find out to what point the enemy had advanced. As the theme and the main problem involves the conflict between man and nature, the setting becomes in effect the chief antagonist whom the main hero must overcome. The setting places the characters in a recognizable realistic environment because it includes a geographical name (San Carlos, Barcelona). Thus, the reader tends to accept the characters and their actions more readily. The atmosphere is the general mood of a literary work. It is gloomy and dark in the story (very dusty clothes, deep dust, black dusty clothes and his gray dusty face,a gray overcast day, sat down backwards in the dust). The tone of the story is sad becausethe events take place during the Civil War and citizens have to leave their homes (There was a pontoon bridge across the river and carts, trucks, and men, women and children were crossing it. The mule-drawn carts staggered up the steep bank from the bridge with soldiers helping push against the spokes of the wheels. The trucks ground up and away heading out of it all and the peasants plodded along in the ankle deep dust).The text can be divided into 4 parts. In the exposition the writer establishes the setting and introduces the main characters. The exposition is compressed into two paragraphs. The second component is complications (development). In this part the author-the military man (It was my business to cross the bridge, explore the bridgehead beyond and find out to what point the enemy had advanced) meets the old man… by the side of the road. They have a short dialogue from which the author knew that the old man was taking care of animals(There were two goats and a cat and then there were four pairs of pigeons), didn’t have a family and political views and was very tired. He worried about the animals if they would be all right. But he knew it for sure that the cat would survive. The key event of the story – the climax – is the episode when the author tells the old man to leave this place because it is unsafe but the old man stays there. In the denouement (resolution) – in the last paragraph –the military man left the independent old man who refused to leave his native neighborhood.The plot structure is closed becausethe denouement suggests the reader certain crucial conclusions.The story isfirst-person narrative type. The author is the minor characterin the story. He gives outside observation of eventsThe old man, the protagonist, is characterized directly: He was too tired to go any farther, He did not look like a shepherd nor a herdsman and I looked at his black dusty clothes and his gray dusty face and his steel rimmed spectaclesHis character is static and simple (flat) and constructed round his loneliness and paralysis.The antagonist – nature (the bridge, the road) – is a landscape-image. It is real because we can see the bridge and the road. The old man can’t leave them because they are the only things he has. He has neither family, nor his animals. The nature makes him stayat this unsafe place and he is too weak to disobey.There aresymbols in the text – a pontoon bridge across the river – thatsymbolizes an obstacle people have to overcome;dust symbolizes loneliness, tiredness.The author characterizes the old man through his perception (There was nothing to do about him. It was Easter Sunday and the Fascists were advancing toward the Ebro. It was a gray overcast day with a low ceiling so their planes were not up. That and the fact that cats know how to look after themselves was all the good luck that old man would ever have).The expressive means and stylistic devices used in the story are the following:- the lexical stylistic devices: a few last carts were hurrying down the slope of the bank;the trucks ground up and away heading out of it all(personification makes the description vivid);- the syntactical stylistic devices: very dusty clothes, deep dust, black dusty clothes and his gray dusty face(repetition of colours shows the absence of light and joy), He did not look like a shepherd nor a herdsman and I looked at his black dusty clothes and his gray dusty face and his steel rimmed spectacles and said, “What animals were they?; I was watching the bridge and the African looking country of the Ebro Delta and wondering how long now it would be before we would see the enemy, and listening all the while for the first noises that would signal that ever mysterious event called contact, and the old man still sat there(polysyndetoncreates rhythm).To my mind, the text is sad because it shows how difficult it is for some people, especially old ones, to change the way of their lives during hard times. They prefer staying at their native places to moving to new districts/ regions/ countries realizing it very well what consequences their decision may lead.