Лингвостилистический анализ на английском языке 10 художественных текстов.

During his lifetime, he published four novels, four story collections, and 164 short stories. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.Born into a middle-class family in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was raised primarily in New York state. He attended Princeton University where he befriended future literary critic Edmund Wilson. Owing to a failed romantic relationship with Chicago socialiteGinevra King, he dropped out in 1917 to join the United States Army during World War I. While stationed in Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, a Southern debutante who belonged to Montgomery's exclusive country-club set. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to his lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him after he published the commercially successful This Side of Paradise (1920). The novel became a cultural sensation and cemented his reputation as one of the eminent writers of the decade.The extract begins with the description of people rejoicing. The introduction of the text is written in high-flown style. The setting is New York City at the end of the First World War (“There had been a war fought and won and the great city of the conquering people was crossed with triumphal arches and vivid with thrown flowers of white, red and rose”). The author shows pathos and triumph which is typical to chronicles and epic narrations with the help of different figures of speech, so he uses a lot of stylistic devises, such as epithets -  great and vivid city, triumphal arches, resonant wind of the brasses. inversion: “There had been a war fought and won…”, “thrown flowers of white, red and rose”. In the first part of the passage the author introduce the main characters of this extract to us. So the main characters of the story are Philip Dean and Gordon Sterrett, though really there are only two types: the fortunate and the unlucky, the haves and have-nots. He represented them in a contrast. The author gives a detailed description of the character, and his poverty is described in a few masterful strokes: “The inquirer was dressed in a well-cut, shabby suit. He was small, slender, and darkly handsome; his eyes were framed above with unusually long eyelashes and below with the blue semicircle of ill health, this latter effect heightened by an unnatural glow which colored his face like a low, incessant fever”. Then the author presents us another character, Philip Dean. According to the description, we understand that he, on the contrary, is very successful: “Philip Dean, dressed in blue silk pajamas”, “Dean was blond, ruddy, and rugged under his thin pajamas. Everything about him radiated fitness and bodily comfort. He smiled frequently, showing large and prominent teeth”. It’s difficult to understand that something can unite these people, but this fact proves the following description: “They were both about twenty-four, Yale graduates of the year before the war; but there the resemblance stopped abruptly.” At the end of this extract the author gives the comparison of main characters’ clothes and draws the reader’s attention to the thoughts of Gordon: “only three years before he had received a scattering vote in the senior elections at college for being the best-dressed man in his class.”By the way of conclusion I’d like to mention that Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is considered a member of the 'Lost Generation,' and key terms of Fitzgerald’s works - Jazz Age, Lost Generation and American Dream. The main idea depicts it. This idea is the basis for such phenomenon in American culture as American dream.Text 8 A Cup of Tea The text “A Cup of Tea” is written by Katherine Mansfield, an outstanding short-story writer of the 20th century. She was born in New zealand and was the author of a number of excellent short-stories which dealt with human nature and psychology.At the age of eighteen she decided to become a professional writer. Her first stories appeared in Melburne in 1907, but literary fame came to her in London after the publication of a collection of short-stories called “In a German Pension”. Katherine Mansfield took a great interest in Russian literarure, particularly in the works of Chekhov. In fact, she considered herself to be a pupil of the great Russian writer.The title of the story is not difficult for understanding but on the other hand it can be a symbol, a reason or an occasion of some events which are depicted in the text. The text belongs to a belles-lettres style. It describes events which happened at a given time and place and speaks about the main characters’ way of living. On the other hand it reveals people’s inner world, nature and psychology. The text is a narration with some pieces of dialogues. It also contains some elements of description ( the characters’appearance and their way of living). E.g. Rosemary Fell was young, rich, brilliant, extremely modern, well-dressed, well-read in the newest of the new books; a young girl, thin, dark, a light creature with dark lips and deep eyes. The author represents the events from the point of view of the main characters. The story is told in the third person. It is emotional and all actions are not very slow. They are rather fast. The text ends on lyrical note. It is left for further suggestions and it is possible to reflect on Rosemary’s mood, feelings and the reasons of her behaviour in the concrete situation. The main theme of the story is human nature, inner world and psychology. The idea of it is a great wish to have an adventure. There is a conflict with oneself in the text. The author doesn’t sympathize the main character. She remains aloof to her.The text under analysis consists of several parts. The first part is an exposition where the main character Rosemary Fell is represented. Her way of living is also described here. Mansfield has exaggeratedly explained the wealth of Rosemary in the story. Here he uses hyperbole: “If Rosemary wants to go shopping she would prefer Paris unlike common people who go to Bond Street”.Depending upon the manner in which the text is represented we can speak about the language of the story. On one hand it is informal and on the other hand it is vivid ,emotional and has descriptive character. It describes the main characters’ appearance, way of living, feelings, emotions and behaviour in different situations. The text abounds in simple neutral words and set phrases. From grammar point of view the language is not too complicated. The predominant tense is Past Simple one.In general the sentences are not too comlex and the text is not difficult for comprehension.To my mind, cup of tea symbolizes the sanctimonious upper class and exploitation of the poor class at the hands of the upper class. This suggests to readers how even the act of philanthropy is fake and used for its own beneficial purpose. Text 9. Sherwood Anderson, from “Winesburg, Ohio” DeathSherwood Anderson, (born September 13, 1876, Camden, Ohio, U.S.—died March 8, 1941,Colon, Panama), author who strongly influenced American writing between World Wars I and II, particularly the technique of the short story. His writing had an impact on such notable writers as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner, both of whom owe the first publication of their books to his efforts. His prose style, based on everyday speech and derived from the experimental writing ofGertrude Stein, was markedly influential on the early Hemingway—who parodied it cruelly in Torrents of Spring (1926) to make a clean break and become his own man.One of seven children of a day labourer, Anderson attended school intermittently as a youth in Clyde, Ohio, and worked as a newsboy, house painter, farmhand, and racetrack helper. After a year at Wittenberg Academy, a preparatory school in Springfield, Ohio, he worked as an advertising writer in Chicago until 1906, when he went back to Ohio and for the next six years sought—without success—to prosper as a businessman while writing fiction in his spare time. A paint manufacturer in Elyria, Ohio, he left his office abruptly one day in 1912 and wandered off, turning up four days later in Cleveland, disheveled and mentally distraught. He later said he staged this episode to get away from the business world and devote himself to literature.The passage under analysisis taken from his book "Winesburg, Ohio", and it begins with the description of love relationship between a woman (protagonist) and Doctor Reefy. The passage depicts a short period of time, which is full of emotional force. From the very beginning we see that woman speaks about an incident that had happened after her marriage. A number of nouns and adjectives like "black clouds", "impatient", “storm threatened” convey her state of being nervous, and intensify her doubts, preparing the reader for further events. The author enhances the desired effect with the help of hyperbole: “I wanted to get out of town, out of my clothes, out of my marriage, out of my body, out of everything”. From the next paragraph we come to know that Doctor Reefly falls in love with Elizabeth, and he hardly controls his emotions:“To her whole body there was a swing, a rhythm that intoxicated him. When she came and knelt on the floor beside his chair he took her into his arms and began to kiss her passionately”. But unfortunately, we are told ambiguously that Doctor Reefy "did not see the woman he had held in his arms again until after her death”. the last paragraphs is written in a tragic tone. A lot of stylistic devices have a great emotional impact on the reader, for example metaphor “along the road of death”; personification “She personified the figure of death and made him now a strong black- haired youth running over hills, now a stem quiet man marked and scarred by the business of living”; simile “death like a living thing put out his hand to her”; hyperbole “she pleaded as she tried with all of her strength to fight off the arms of the lover she had wanted so earnestly”So, summing up all we know about characters we can say that the controlling idea of the story conveyed by the author sounds like this - people want to get rid of their loneliness, want to find support and warmth in others, but the discrepancy between their dreams and reality is too large. It would be wise to mention here that even the title of the story helps us to draw the conflict between a man and society - nobody knows what's going on in my inner world, nobody cares what I am in this world. As for me, I find the story quite deep and thought-provoking, making us reestimate our values in this life.Text 10. The picture of Dorian Gray by O.WildeOscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel the Picture of Dorian Grey, and the circumstances of his criminal conviction for gross indecency for consensual homosexual acts in "one of the first celebrity trials", imprisonment, and early death from meningitis at age 46.Wilde's parents were Anglo-Irish intellectuals in Dublin. A young Wilde learned to speak fluent French and German. At university, Wilde read Greats; he demonstrated himself to be an exceptional classicist, first at Trinity College Dublin, then at Oxford. He became associated with the emerging philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles.The extract begins the description of the street.The general atmosphere of the story is dark and empathetic; the author enhances the desired effect with the help of the following words and word combinations: “cold rain”, “horrible laughter, “dim men and women”. The whole passage is devoted to thoughts of Dorian Grey, who is the protagonist of the story.Then the author employs paradox “To cure the soul by means of the senses, and the senses by means of the soul”. The author draws the reader’s attention to the fact that Dorian remembered Henry's words about healing the soul with feelings. He has enough sense of morality to know that he has broken the rules, but he is not sure that there is any way to balance the scales of good and evil again. The best thing he can do is try to forget about his crimes. At the end of the extract the protagonist understands that “Ugliness that had once been hateful to him because it made things real, became dear to him now for that very reason. Ugliness was the one reality” that means that he feels the wild desire to live. As for me, in his novel, Oscar Wilde touches on topics that are the subject of eternal debate and discussion, which cannot but encourage readers to think.