Evolution of Satellite Communication.

[5]The backbone satellite communication. The emergence of satellite communication was dictated by the needs of the large amounts of information transmitting. The first satellite communication system was the Intelsat system, then similar regional organizations (Eutelsat, Arabsat and others) were created. Soonthe speech transmitters in the total volume of trunk traffic has been steadily decreasing, giving way to data transmission. Later the fiber-optic networks began to displace satellite communication from the backbone communication market.[6]VSAT system. Among the satellite technologies the development of satellite communication technologies such as VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) attracts special attention. On the basis of VSAT equipment, it is possible to build multiservice networks that provide almost all modern communication services: Internet access; telephone communication; combining local networks (building VPN networks); transmission of audio and video information; redundancy of existing communication channels; data collection, monitoring and remote management of industrial facilities and much more. [7]Central control station. The central control station includes receiving and transmitting equipment, antenna-feeder devices and a set of equipment that performs the functions of monitoring and controlling the operation of the entire network, redistributing its resources, troubleshooting, charging network services and interfacing with terrestrial communication lines. To ensure the reliability of communication, the equipment has at least 100% redundancy. The central station is interfaced with any terrestrial trunk communication lines and has the ability to switch information flows, thereby maintaining the information interaction of network users among themselves and with subscribers of external networks (Internet, cellular networks, etc.).[6]A relay stationsatellite. The VSAT networks are built on the basis of geostationary relay satellites. The most important characteristics of a satellite are the power of on-board transmitters and the number of radio frequency channels (trunks or transponders) on it. [2]Subscriber VSAT terminals. The VSAT subscriber terminal is a small satellite communication station with an antenna with a diameter of 0.9 to 2.4 m, designed mainly for reliable data exchange via satellite channels. The indoor unit provides the interface of the satellite channel with the user's terminal equipment (computer, telephone, fax, etc.).[1]ConclusionThe satellite communicationcreates a new stage in the development of advanced technologies, which is inextricably linked with the exploration of outer space.Satellite communication has three general directions:• providing of television broadcasting by transmitting signals from a ground station via satellite;• satellite telephone communication is a guarantee of high–quality signal reception and transmission anywhere in the world;• broadband Internet access.It is difficult to overestimate the advantages of that new information exchange technology.According to expertsthe satellite communicationcan become more accessible to private users. Currently the satellite communicationmakes for about 3% of global traffic in the total communication balance. But the demand for satellite lines continues to grow, because on the distance of over 800 kmthe satellite channels become economically more profitable compared to other types of long-distance communication.BibliographyBolshova G. "Satellite communication in Russia: Pamir, Iridium, Globalstar ..." "Networks" - 2018.Smirnova A. A. Personal Satellite Communication, Volume 64, Moscow, 2020.Kresner, G. N. Introduction to space communication systems / G. N. Kresner, J. V. Michaels. – M.: Svyaz, 2019. – 392 p.Petrovich, N. T. Questions of space radio communication / N. T. Petrovich, E. F. Kamnev. – M. :Sov. Radio, 2022. – 310 p.Gromakov, Yu. A. Cellular mobile radio communication systems. Technologies of electronic communication / Yu. A. Gromakov. – M. : Eco-Trends, 2018. – 405 p.Dolotov, V. D. VremyatekhnologiixDSL / V. D. Dolotov // Technologies and means of communication. – 2020. – No. 1. – pp. 36-38.Maksimenko, E. I. 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