Stylistic Ways of Creating Comedic Effect in English Fiction: Specifics of Their Translation into Russian ( Based on the B.Show's plays)

Только о себе думаете, а на других наплевать».In this case, there is a hyperbole, since a person cannot not have a heart but in this case the expression feeling heart is used. It can be assumed that the expression feeling heart is also hyperbole since the human heart a priori cannot feel anything yielding this role to the brain and nervous system. In this case, lexical and grammatical transformation was used, namely substitution, but the choice of the first translator is also unclear, since in this case a partially equivalent translation could be used.Summing up this research, we can conclude that Bernard Shaw's play uses stylistic devices in large numbers. Most of them perform the function of creating a comedic effect.The play itself is based on a rather mundane theme, which is not rarely taken into account by satirical writers. The problem of the clash of the upper and lower strata of society carries a flair of comedy and irony, which Bernard Shaw skillfully uses.The use of stylistic devices contributes both to the development of a comedic effect and to the creation of a certain emotional atmosphere that sweeps through the entire work. From a stylistic point of view, some devices are not used for their intended purpose, that is, not in the conditions in which they are used to seeing in everyday life. However, we should also not forget that within the practical part of the study, the individual style of the writer was considered, in which it is possible to use any language means, regardless of their original meaning or purpose.From the point of view of translation, it can be noted that a large number of partially equivalent translations are used. This fact may be related either to the absence of the necessary lexical units in the translation language, or to the absence in the translation language of the necessary imagery or showiness that is inherent in the original language.It is also quite common for translators to resort to a complete reinterpretation of the original text, using grammatical and lexical transcriptions. In some situations, this decision may seem rather controversial, but in some cases such a translation is necessary due to the complete absence of the necessary lexical unit in the translation language.Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the use of stylistic devices to give the text a comedic effect is used in Bernard Shaw's plays, but their translation remains a rather difficult task, which translators do not always cope with.2.3. Results and discussionsSumming up the practical part of this study, there is a need to determine the following conclusions.Bernard Shaw brings his philosophical and ideological ideas to the reader through witty and comic situations in the play. He managed to combine in his work human problems and values that remain relevant to this day, thereby helping the reader to get emotional and intellectual pleasure. Bernard Shaw's use of jargon, the presence of incorrect grammatical constructions and remarks characterizing the dynamics of the work in order to show the difference in belonging to different social strata, and constitute his secret and author's style as a playwright in the play "Pygmalion".It should also be noted that this play is a true representative of the author’s style. The term "author's style" is understood as a combination of a complex dialectical interaction of content and form, the ideological and artistic content of which is inseparable from the form of its expression. And, thus, the author's style contains the generalizing characteristics of the work and brings a certain organizing principle into it.Bernard Shaw's play uses stylistic devices in large numbers. Most of them perform the function of creating a comedic effect.The play itself is based on a rather mundane theme, which is not rarely taken into account by satirical writers. The problem of the clash of the upper and lower strata of society carries a flair of comedy and irony, which Bernard Shaw skillfully uses.With the help of stylistic devices, it is possible to establish the main characteristics of the main characters of the play, the characteristics of the plot, as well as the characteristics of the events taking place. Moreover, stylistic devices once again emphasize the possibility of their use within the framework of the play as a genre that does not differ in bright descriptive constructions.The use of stylistic devices contributes both to the development of a comedic effect and to the creation of a certain emotional atmosphere that sweeps through the entire work. From a stylistic point of view, some devices are not used for their intended purpose, that is, not in the conditions in which they are used to seeing in everyday life. However, we should also not forget that within the practical part of the study, the individual style of the writer was considered, in which it is possible to use any language means, regardless of their original meaning or purpose.From the point of view of translation, it can be noted that a large number of partially equivalent translations are used. This fact may be related either to the absence of the necessary lexical units in the translation language, or to the absence in the translation language of the necessary imagery or showiness that is inherent in the original language.It is also quite common for translators to resort to a complete reinterpretation of the original text, using grammatical and lexical transcriptions. In some situations, this decision may seem rather controversial, but in some cases such a translation is necessary due to the complete absence of the necessary lexical unit in the translation language.CHАРTЕR 3.THЕРRАCTICАLRЕLЕVАNCЕОFTHЕRЕSЕАRCHINLINGUISTICS3.1 РrаcticаlRеlеvаncеоfthеRеsеаrchRеsultsinTrаnslаtiоnStudiеsThis research can be used in seminars and lectures on translation studies, especially in the field of English to Russian. The theoretical part of the work contains information on the peculiarities of usage of stylistic devices for creating comic effect. Stylistic devices that are used in a literary text can have and perform various functions. Stylistic devices can help a writer create a comic effect. When working with stylistic devices, it is important for the translator to catch the humorous orientation that the author was trying to convey.That is why this study will be useful in the field of stylistics. It is also worth noting that when studying the author's style, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that each author uses stylistic devices differently. So, the author's style implies that the author can use various stylistic devices that are not even designed to create a comic effect, for his own purposes.From this point of view, it is also important for the translator to understand what the author's style is for this or that writer. To do this, first of all, the translator needs to get acquainted with the works of the writer, get acquainted with the studies that relate to the analysis of the writer's creativity, determine which stylistic devices the writer prefers to use. The translator must find out the functionality of these stylistic devices within the framework of the author's style and only then proceed with the translation.The translator's job in this case is to create such conditions in the translation language that would contribute to the competent transmission of the humorous effect. It should be borne in mind that the means of expressing the comic in the original language and in the translation language may differ. The translator's use of translation transformations is a prerequisite for creating a professional, competent translation.Thus, from the point of view of translation studies, this study can be useful to students studying this science. With the help of this study, students will be able to determine the processes that need to be taken into account when translating stylistic devices designed to create a comic effect, namely:features of the style to which the author's work belongs;features of the author's style of the writer;features of using stylistic devices;the role of stylistic devices to create a comic effect.3.2 РrаcticаlRеlеvаncеоfthеRеsеаrchRеsultsinLехicоlоgуаndStуlisticsStylistic and lexical features of phraseological units can be considered within the framework of such educational disciplines as lexicology and stylistics.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics (the section of linguistics) that studies the vocabulary of a particular language, that is, its vocabulary and is usually divided into general and private lexicology. Lexicology considers such aspects as: word and its meaning; interdependence between words; structure of the composition of the word and ways of replenishing and developing the vocabulary, etc.; stylistic and functional difference of words in different areas of speech.The study of stylistic devices, which are designed to create a comic effect, can be fully reflected in lexicology as a field of cognition. A stylistic device is essentially lexical units of a language that have been used in unusual conditions for them in order to achieve a certain result, in the case of this study - in order to create a comic effect. This study will allow linguistics students to understand what is the meaning of using a stylistic device, its functionality in various types of text, as well as those lexical features that can combine different stylistic devices depending on the context.Stylistics is also a section of linguistics that studies the functioning of linguistic units and categories within the framework of a literary language in accordance with its functional specificity in various conditions of linguistic communication, encompassing language skills. Stylistics as a linguistic science is engaged in the study of stable stylistic meanings of language units, which are fixed in accordance with existing stylistic norms - those lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonetic phenomena, including emotionally expressive means that are used in various areas of human life and activity and in different in importance situations.From the point of view of stylistics, this work will be interesting for its practical part. In the practical part of the work, stylistic devices in their comedic function and ways of using them on examples of real works of art are considered. Also, this study is useful by the fact that stylistic devices are not just analyzed in order to determine more functions, but are also considered from the point of view of translation. Translation allows you to better understand the fact of using a particular stylistic device. Translation also contributes to the better organization of the text both in the original language and in the target language.3.3 RеsultsаndRеcоmmеndаtiоnsIn the course of the study, we identified stylistic and lexical features of stylistic devices for creating comedic effect. We also considered the translation features of stylistic devices for creating comedic effect and determined their place in the author's style of writing. Special techniques for translating stylistic devices for creating comedic effect are also the focus of this work and can also be used when considering the works of Bernard Show as markers of his individual style of writing.This research can be used both in practical research on the translation of phraseological units, and in academic disciplines: lexicology, stylistics, translation studies.CONCLUSIONThe first chapter of the research is theoretical and reflects the features of English fiction, the historical characteristics of its development, as well as those characteristics that are inherent in it at the present time.It was determined that fiction has imagery uses a large number of lexical and grammatical means and can also combine elements of other genres. Literary deviations in fiction can become the norm, which once again proves its significance and uniqueness.Also in this chapter, stylistic devices were considered that are aimed at creating a comic effect in fiction. It was concluded that any stylistic devices can be used by the writer to create a comic effect as well as to create his own individual style, the writing of which will be characterized by either a comic or satirical effect. Also, some examples from poems were considered, which illustrate these stylistic devices and their undeniable importance.When translating texts that contain stylistic devices aimed at creating a comic effect, the translator must take into account the fact that the text in the original language may carry a certain cultural value of one nationality that will be incomprehensible in the language of another nationality. The translator must understand the meaning of the comic not only in the translation language in the original language, but also remove suitable translation transformations and translation methods to convey the lexical meaning of the comic at the proper level.In the practical part of the investigation the real works with real examples were observed.Bernard Shaw brings his philosophical and ideological ideas to the reader through witty and comic situations in the play. He managed to combine in his work human problems and values that remain relevant to this day, thereby helping the reader to get emotional and intellectual pleasure. Bernard Shaw's use of jargon, the presence of incorrect grammatical constructions and remarks characterizing the dynamics of the work in order to show the difference in belonging to different social strata, and constitute his secret and author's style as a playwright in the play "Pygmalion".Bernard Shaw's play uses stylistic devices in large numbers. Most of them perform the function of creating a comedic effect.The play itself is based on a rather mundane theme, which is not rarely taken into account by satirical writers. The problem of the clash of the upper and lower strata of society carries a flair of comedy and irony, which Bernard Shaw skillfully uses.The use of stylistic devices contributes both to the development of a comedic effect and to the creation of a certain emotional atmosphere that sweeps through the entire work. From a stylistic point of view, some devices are not used for their intended purpose, that is, not in the conditions in which they are used to seeing in everyday life. However, we should also not forget that within the practical part of the study, the individual style of the writer was considered, in which it is possible to use any language means, regardless of their original meaning or purpose.From the point of view of translation, it can be noted that a large number of partially equivalent translations are used. This fact may be related either to the absence of the necessary lexical units in the translation language, or to the absence in the translation language of the necessary imagery or showiness that is inherent in the original language.It is also quite common for translators to resort to a complete reinterpretation of the original text, using grammatical and lexical transcriptions. In some situations, this decision may seem rather controversial, but in some cases such a translation is necessary due to the complete absence of the necessary lexical unit in the translation language.In the course of the study, we identified stylistic and lexical features of stylistic devices for creating comedic effect. We also considered the translation features of stylistic devices for creating comedic effect and determined their place in the author's style of writing. Special techniques for translating stylistic devices for creating comedic effect are also the focus of this work and can also be used when considering the works of Bernard Show as markers of his individual style of writing.This research can be used both in practical research on the translation of phraseological units, and in academic disciplines: lexicology, stylistics, translation studies.REFERENCESБорев, Ю. Б. 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